I found the article from http://malaysiadivingcommunity.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=4622 very useful but after suffering from terrible itch, I decided to consult a doctor who prescribed me 3 medicines and a cream to prevent further infection.
On personal note, I feel that the best way to prevent the bites are to keep your body dry - eg apply powder on your legs whenever you go for walks along the beach cos apparently fleas LIKE damp surfaces.
In treating the bites, one must again keep your body dry eg after bath and not to scratch. That is why it's important to see doctor or pharmacist to get anti-itch medicine especially during night time as we humans have tendency to unconsciously scratch when we slumber.
Listed below is the very useful excerpt from Malaysia Diving forum:-
In many cases, a trip to the beach means a sand flea bite or several bites. What are sand fleas and should I be concerned if I get bitten?
A sand flea is also known by many other names. For example, this crustacean (although it resembles an insect, the sand flea is actually not one) is also called a sand fly, beach flea, hop-a-long, no-see-um, biting midge, and punkie or punky. The sand flea is less than 1/8 of an inch (3 mm) long and is often difficult to see. It is a shrimp-like creature in appearance and ranges in color from pale to brownish. The body has seven segments and it has long legs that are used for swimming or jumping. They are known to jump to a height of at least 40 cm and therefore, it is unusual to experience a sand flea bite on upper body parts unless the victim was lying down. The bites are normally found in clusters around the ankles.
Sand fleas feed on organic and decaying plants. A favorite treat is seaweed on the beach. Whenever seaweed washes to shore, there will be a large number of sand fleas around and a sand flea bite is likely to occur. In general, the sand on the beach is a popular location for these fleas to live.
A sand flea bite is most likely to occur at dawn or in the evening and night time hours on the beach or other sandy areas that are near water. Wetlands, swamplands, creeks, and lakebeds are other areas where sand fleas can be found. Sand fleas generally stay close to their breeding ground. They never wander more than 350 feet or about 100 meters from their breeding area. Sand flea swarms produce a high-pitched wine. Therefore, if you are on the beach and you hear something like this, it is best to move or risk a sand flea bite.
The fleas will jump onto the feet, ankles, legs, and then bite. They are very persistent and quite annoying. Because of their small size, a sand flea bite occurs before individuals even know any sand fleas were in the area. Like a mosquito, a sand flea bites to thingy blood. It is the female sand fly that bites. It does this in order to get the protein from the blood that is necessary for its egg laying. The sand flea bite involves the injection of saliva to thin the blood, making it easier for the flea to take blood from its victim. This same saliva triggers the body’s immune system to react.
Despite its size, the bite from a sand flea is quite painful. In fact, most of the time the bite is more painful than one from a typically larger mosquito. In addition to pain, the bite causes a large welt or rashes on the skin that can persist for several days. A fever may also occur. The welts or hives produced from bites are very itchy. Scratching the bitten areas should be avoided in order to prevent the development of an infection. Scratching will also prolong the symptoms of swelling, itch, and skin redness.
Sand flea bites are also known to carry various diseases such as Carrions disease, the Pappataci fever virus, and various parasites that can cause conditions such as Leishmaniasis.
Leishmaniasis is not as widely known as malaria, but is just as painful and dangerous. Because the sand flea feeds on human blood, there is the possibility of transferring protozoan parasites that are responsible for this disease to humans.
Leishmaniasis is more likely to be encountered in the Mediterranean, North Africa, The Middle East, South East Asia, Central America, and the Caribbean. There are various forms of the disease:
Mucocutaneous: Skin ulcers form which spread and cause tissue damage to the nose and mouth areas in particular.
Diffuse Cutaneous: Widespread skin lesions develop which resemble leprosy.
Cutaneous: This is the most common form of Leishmaniasis and is characterized by numerous skin sores on the body that develop weeks or months after experiencing a sand flea bite. The sores usually leave scars that can be quite disfiguring.
Visceral: This is the most serious form of the disease and can be fatal if left untreated.
Other problems, which may become present anywhere from a few months to years after the bites occurred include fever, damage to the spleen and liver, and anaemia.
Treatment procedures and prevention steps for a sand flea bite are similar to those of mosquitoes. If more severe reactions are encountered or if there are signs of Leishmaniasis, then the sand flea bite requires professional medical treatment. As of 2006, there is no vaccine to combat Leishmaniasis caused by a sand flea bite.
Treatment
In order to get relief from the bite symptoms, a bite treatment is required. A bite treatment involves washing the affected areas with soap and water to ensure no infections develop and to help reduce the itch. Applying soap directly to the bite has been suggested as an itch remover. Use a cold compress on the bite site to help alleviate the itch, swelling, and redness. Bite treatment may also involve some of the procedures listed below.
Making a paste of baking soda and water and spreading it over the bites.
Using calamine lotion or a topical anesthetic to help relieve the itch and pain.
Itching can also be relieved by using a one percent hydrocortisone cream.
Anti-inflammatory medication such as Ibuprofen will help with the swelling and pain.
The use of antihistamines is also a useful mosquito bite treatment because they will alleviate the itch and swelling.
Aloe vera gel is an effective all natural mosquito bite treatment. This compound reduces swelling and itching and soothes the affected area.
A mosquito bite treatment is also available in the form of commercial products specifically designed for this purpose.
Not scratching the bite area is an effective bite treatment. Scratching prolongs the swelling, itch, and discomfort, and can open the skin and cause an infection. If the bite area becomes red and swollen and if the area around the bite feels warm to the touch, the bite may be infected. If this condition persists and does not respond to a standard bite treatment, then consult a physician.
Thank you very much for this useful article. I like it.
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